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December 8, 2025Environmental Science & TechnologyOpen Access

Imidacloprid in United States Rivers, 2013–2022: Persistent Presence and Emerging Chronic Hazard

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Authors

LBLarry B. BarberMHMichelle L. HladikDKDana W. Kolpin

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Overview

Analysis reveals rising imidacloprid levels in rivers over a decade, suggesting chronic hazards to aquatic ecosystems.

Key Points

  • The research evaluates the presence and trends of imidacloprid in U.S. rivers from 2013 to 2022.
  • Collected 12,547 water samples from 77 rivers in the U.S.
  • Analyzed imidacloprid concentrations and detection rates.
  • Assessed temporal trends and median concentrations across sites.
  • Imidacloprid detected in 44% of samples with a mean concentration of 24.9 ng/L.
  • 44% of sites exceeded chronic benchmarks for freshwater invertebrates.
  • Half of sampled sites showed increasing concentration trends over the decade.

Cite This Study

Barber et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69362f7f4fa91c937236e58dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c07311
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