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This research examines how Cattaneo–Christov fluxes affect the flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid in a porous medium.

December 12, 2025AppliedMathOpen Access

Impact of Cattaneo–Christov Fluxes on Bio-Convective Flow of a Second-Grade Hybrid Nanofluid in a Porous Medium

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This research examines how Cattaneo–Christov fluxes affect the flow of a second-grade hybrid nanofluid in a porous medium.
Analyzed flow through a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium using Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux models.
Focused on a hybrid nanofluid consisting of alumina and copper nanoparticles in water.
Utilized similarity transformations and the spectral quasilinearisation method for solving nonlinear equations.
Hybrid nanoparticles significantly improve heat and mass transfer rates.
Cattaneo–Christov fluxes lead to delays in thermal and concentration responses.
Flow characteristics are influenced by factors such as porosity and Forchheimer number.

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Study demonstrates enhanced mass transport in a porous medium with hybrid nanofluid, indicating the influence of viscoelastic effects.

Pheko et al. (2025) studied this question.

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