Numerical Modelling Meets Additive Manufacturing: A Path toward Tailorable Tissue Engineering and Functional Biomedical Devices Times of Polymers and Composites

There is an urgent need for new generations of more functional biomedical devices in tissue engineering that can significantly improve patient health. The development of customised tissue alternatives to organ donation needs more research to ensure their quality, reliability, affordability, and sustainability. Biomaterials are promising substances that can be used for biomedical devices due to their properties’ similarity to the nature of body organs and tissues. Additive Manufacturing is a common technique for bio fabrication due to its precision and personalization to patient's needs. 3D bioprinting by using biomaterials offers Porosity and enough strength are among the most necessary requirements for the structure of biomedical devices, especially scaffolds. That's the reason for using emerging mathematically designed and optimised geometries like Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) as a potential structure due to their adjustable mechanical properties and permeability. This review addresses the current progress in the field by providing a clear pathway for future research. This review faces this major health‐related challenge by undertaking the advancements in numerical modelling for complex interactions of cells, extracellular matrix, and scaffold to facilitate tailoring cell differentiation and growth in engineered tissues.