Increasing Energy Efficiency of Internal Combustion Engines by Replacing Fossil Fuel With Hydrogen

Objective This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to assess hydrogen as a fossil fuel alternative in internal combustion engines. Material and Methods Simulations tested various air-fuel ratios and spark timings with pure hydrogen and hydrogen-fossil fuel blends via port injection, identifying optimal conditions for each fuel. Results While hydrogen-fossil fuel blends improved efficiency and reduced emissions, pure hydrogen yielded the best results, consuming 28% less fuel and producing 20% more power than gasoline. Conclusion Pure hydrogen also minimises carbon monoxide emissions (9.2 × 10 - ⁸ grams) under stoichiometric and lean conditions.