Integrated analysis reveals urban resilience and cultural hybridization in Lebanese cities during the medieval period, suggesting new interpretations of urban dynamics.
This study examines the evolution of Lebanese urbanism from the Arab conquest to Ottoman incorporation (634-1516 CE), addressing a critical gap in medieval Levantine urban studies. Through integrated morphogenetic analysis, systems-of-cities perspectives, and urban resilience frameworks, it reveals how cities, including Tripoli, Beirut, Tyre, Sidon, Baalbek, and Anjar, sustained vitality through morphological plasticity, strategic network positioning, and cultural hybridization. These cities functioned as active mediators rather than passive recipients, developing sophisticated strategies to maintain core functionality while accommodating successive waves of political transformation, thereby challenging conventional assumptions in medieval urban historiography and contemporary resilience studies.
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