Biochemical characterization and cost–benefit analysis of multi-enzyme premix for poultry feeding applications

Exogenous enzymes in poultry feed have gained increasing attention due to their potential to enhance nutrient digestibility, improve growth performance, and reduce feed costs. In this study, a cost-effective multi-enzyme premix comprising amylase, protease, cellulase, and lipase was developed from Bacillus subtilis and evaluated for its functional stability, synergistic activity, in vitro digestibility, and economic feasibility. Stability assays revealed that the encapsulated enzyme premix retained high activity under a wide range of pH and temperature conditions, as well as during extended storage, indicating robustness for industrial application. Synergism analysis demonstrated that the combination of enzymes enhanced overall substrate hydrolysis compared to individual enzymes, highlighting the functional advantage of multi-enzyme systems. In vitro digestion trials under simulated gastrointestinal conditions confirmed improved nutrient release, supporting its potential role in optimizing poultry feed utilization. Furthermore, an economic evaluation revealed that the formulated enzyme premix was significantly more cost-effective than commercially available counterparts, reducing feed cost per unit of poultry weight gain. These findings underscore the potential of a Bacillus-derived enzyme premix as a sustainable and economical alternative to synthetic or single-enzyme additives, providing a pathway for improved poultry production efficiency.