Modeling an Energy Router with an Energy Storage Device for Connecting Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Sustainable Development of Power Supply Systems

The efficiency of using electric vehicles largely depends on the availability of charging stations in power supply systems (PSS). To improve the power quality and the ability to control power flows, charging stations can be connected via energy routers built on the basis of solid-state high-frequency transformers. The paper proposes incorporating an energy storage device in the DC circuit of the energy router to improve the reliability of the power supply. The paper presents the results of modeling the operation of a power system supplying DC charging stations based on an energy router with an energy storage device. The study aimed to test the efficiency of the developed regulation system of the energy router with an energy storage device and its impact on the voltage in the power supply system and harmonic distortion levels. An algorithm for stabilizing voltage in the DC and AC networks of the energy router is proposed relying on the transformation of three-phase coordinates a–b–c into the d–q–0 system. The diagrams and descriptions of the models of the power supply system with DC charging stations, as well as an energy router with an energy storage device and a converter for control in normal and emergency modes are presented. The modeling results reveal that the proposed regulator of the energy router with an energy storage device reduces voltage drops when connecting a high-power load and ensures acceptable power quality indicators to meet the criterion of harmonic components. By implementing the control system of the energy storage device within the energy router and electric vehicle charging stations, we can effectively maintain voltage at consumers during emergencies. Thus, the use of energy routers with an automatic voltage regulation system will ensure the sustainable development of modern power supply systems with the ability to connect renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and electric vehicle charging stations.