Electrochemical Sensing of Imidacloprid Insecticide by Solvothermally Synthesized Nickel‐Based Metal–Organic Framework

This study explores the electrochemical detection of imidacloprid (IMD) using a nickel‐based metal–organic framework‐modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni‐MOF/GCE). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to assess the electrode's performance for electrochemical sensing of IMD. The synthesized Ni‐MOF was characterized using various analytical techniques such as x‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The DPV analysis at pH 8 demonstrated a clear catalytic redox response with a limit of detection (LOD) of 67.7 nM. Repeatability tests confirmed the electrode's reliability, and stability tests indicated significant detection capability even after 1 month. The EIS (Bode plot) effectively distinguishes IMD concentrations, yielding a LOD of 19.5 nM. These results suggest that both DPV and EIS techniques offer practical solutions to detect IMD. The Ni‐MOF/GCE electrode exhibits excellent potential for sensitive and reliable IMD detection, highlighting its applicability in environmental monitoring and paving the way for further development of Ni‐MOF‐based biosensors.