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This research aims to explore how large language models can enhance learning outcomes in engineering education through project-based learning.

December 10, 2025SystemsOpen Access

How to Harness LLMs in Project-Based Learning: Empirical Evidence for Individual Autonomy and Moderate Constraints in Engineering Education

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This research aims to explore how large language models can enhance learning outcomes in engineering education through project-based learning.
One-semester quasi-experiment with 120 participants
2x2 factorial design: usage mode (individual/shared) and interaction restriction (restricted/unrestricted)
Mixed-methods data analysis including surveys, interaction logs, and reflective reports
Individual use of LLMs significantly improved engagement and project scores
Restricted interaction served as an effective metacognitive scaffold for learning
Individual autonomy promoted collaboration and critical verification against LLM hallucinations

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Quasi-experiment shows individual autonomy enhances learning engagement in engineering education, suggesting effective LLM integration methods.

Yi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Quasi-experiment shows individual autonomy enhances learning engagement in engineering education, suggesting effective LLM integration methods.