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The research aims to optimize low-carbon dispatch in integrated energy systems using a collaborative framework.

December 10, 2025TechnologiesOpen Access

Two-Layer Low-Carbon Optimal Dispatch of Integrated Energy Systems Based on Stackelberg Game

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The research aims to optimize low-carbon dispatch in integrated energy systems using a collaborative framework.
Developed a dual-compensation demand response mechanism
Integrated dynamic multi-energy pricing into the optimization model
Constructed a Stackelberg game-based dispatch system
Reduced carbon emission intensity by 28.04%
Increased operating income of the energy system by 29.53%
Decreased users’ energy consumption cost by 13.05%

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Model achieves 28% carbon reduction and 29% income boost in integrated energy systems, highlighting demand response impact.

Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.

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