Hybrid ANFIS–MPA and FFNN–MPA Models for Bitcoin Price Forecasting

This study introduces two hybrid forecasting models that integrate the Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) and Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNN) for short-term Bitcoin price prediction. Daily Bitcoin data from 2022 were converted into supervised time-series structures with multiple input configurations. The proposed hybrid models were evaluated against six well-known metaheuristic algorithms commonly used for training intelligent forecasting systems. The results show that MPA consistently yields lower prediction errors, faster convergence, and more stable optimization behavior compared with alternative algorithms. Both ANFIS-MPA and FFNN-MPA maintained their advantage across all tested structures, demonstrating reliable performance under varying model complexities. All experiments were repeated multiple times, and the hybrid approaches exhibited low variance, indicating robust and reproducible behavior. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of MPA as an optimizer for improving the predictive performance of neuro-fuzzy and neural network models in financial time-series forecasting.