Graphene-Based Localized Surface Plasmon Metasurface for Mid-Infrared Four-Band Ultra-Narrow Absorbing Sensor

In this paper, the design of a mid-infrared four-band ultra-narrowband wave-absorbing sensor based on the localized equi-excited exciton resonance of graphene metamaterials is presented. The designed super-surface unit has a geometrically symmetric structure and is insensitive to incident light sources with different polarization directions. The absorbing sensor has four resonant wavelengths located at λ1 = 3.172 μm, λ2 = 3.525 μm, λ3 = 3.906 μm, and λ4 = 4.588 μm, with absorption efficiencies of 99.94%, 99.46%, 99.55%, and 98.16%, respectively. In addition, the dynamic tuning of the resonant wavelength and absorption efficiency can be realized by changing the gate voltage or through chemical doping of graphene. Moreover, the wave-absorbing performance can maintain stable absorption over a wide range of incidence angles from 0 to 50°. Finally, the wave-absorbing sensor was subjected to different ambient refractive indices, and the refractive index sensitivities corresponding to the four resonant wavelengths were obtained as 587.5 nm/RIU, 700.0 nm/RIU, 850.0 nm/RIU, and 900.0 nm/RIU, with FOM values of 48.96 RIU−1, 58.34 RIU−1, 53.13 RIU−1, and 28.13 RIU−1, respectively, all of which have superior sensing characteristics. Therefore, this paper enriches the variety of mid-infrared absorber sensors and has a broad application prospect in the fields of wave absorption, sensing, and detection.