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This research aims to compare the hydrogen reduction of bauxite residue-calcite pellets at lab and pilot scales, focusing on iron particle growth mechanisms.

December 9, 2025Metallurgical and Materials Transactions BOpen Access

Hydrogen Reduction of Bauxite Residue-Calcite Pellets and Mechanisms of Iron Particles Growth: A Comparative Study at Lab and Pilot Scales

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Authors

MKManish Kumar KarIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur FVFrida VollanSINTEF CECasper van der EijkSINTEF

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Lab and pilot scale tests showed distinct mechanisms of iron particle growth in bauxite residue, indicating improved methodologies.

Key Points

This research aims to compare the hydrogen reduction of bauxite residue-calcite pellets at lab and pilot scales, focusing on iron particle growth mechanisms.
Investigation of hydrogen reduction in lab-scale stationary bed reactor and pilot-scale rotary reactor.
Use of X-ray fluorescence for compositional analysis and LECO combustion for oxygen quantification.
Application of X-ray diffraction for phase identification and electron probe microanalysis for elemental characterization.
Average metallic iron particle size was approximately 15–20 µm in pilot-reduced pellets, larger than 1–2 µm in lab-reduced pellets.
Higher relative peak intensity of mayenite minerals was found in pilot-reduced pellets compared to lab-reduced.
Two mechanisms for iron particle growth were proposed: accretion in a deformable oxide matrix and nucleation–ionic diffusion.

Cite This Study

Kar et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69401d732d562116f28f9481 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-025-03898-w

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Hydrogen Reduction of Bauxite Residue-Calcite Pellets and Mechanisms of Iron Particles Growth: A Comparative Study at Lab and Pilot Scales

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Cite This Study

Hydrogen Reduction of Bauxite Residue-Calcite Pellets and Mechanisms of Iron Particles Growth: A Comparative Study at Lab and Pilot Scales

Discussion

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Key Points

Cite This Study

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