Energy Efficiency Comparison of Public and Private Sector Pumps

This study investigates energy efficiency in water pumping systems across Türkiye’s public and private sectors through a comparative analysis. It is based on field data collected from 279 pumps over four years, examining the impact of flow rate, power consumption, head pressure, and pump type on overall efficiency. The research employs a quantitative methodology using measurements from 229 public and 50 private sector pumps across different regions. Data were gathered using ultrasonic flow meters, power analyzers, and pressure sensors. Statistical tools included descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, multiple regression, and correlation analysis. Key findings indicate that public sector pumps achieved significantly higher average efficiency (55.4%) than private sector pumps (42.9%). Flow rate was the strongest predictor of efficiency (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), with high-flow pumps (>750 m³/h) being 19.7 percentage points more efficient than low-flow pumps (<150 m³/h). Pump type also played a major role: horizontal (56.7%) and vertical shaft pumps (62.4%) performed better than submersible pumps (39.5%). Regression analysis confirmed these relationships (R² = 0.341), even after adjusting for technical variables. The study concludes that pump type, flow rate, and sectoral characteristics strongly affect energy efficiency. Additionally, differences in organizational and operational practices contribute to performance variations beyond technical design. These insights provide a foundation for developing energy-efficient policies, optimizing system design, and improving operational strategies within water pumping infrastructure.