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Randomised trials reveal that universal test-and-treat reduces HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting need for more preventative measures.
Early models of HIV epidemics calculated that near-universal antiretroviral treatment coverage and medical circumcision could almost eliminate new infections. However, as countries like Eswatini reach their 90-90-90 targets, it's becoming clear that this is not the case. Randomised trials in sub-Saharan Africa confirm the feasibility of universal test-and-treat, but localised data and additional preventative measures are needed to reduce new infections enough to eliminate the HIV epidemic.
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Human Sciences Research Council (2025) studied this question.
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