Groundwater quality assessment for sustainable water management in the Al-Hofuf area, eastern Saudi Arabia

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Groundwater quality analysis shows irrigation suitability in Al-Hofuf, indicating a need for sustainable management.

Groundwater quality assessment revealed that most samples were unsuitable for direct consumption due to high salinity levels.
Average TDS of 3,942.5 mg/L and electrical conductivity of 6,553.66 μS/cm indicate significant water quality concerns.
Analysis utilized multivariate statistical methods to evaluate physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations.
Findings align with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, highlighting the necessity of sustainable groundwater management.

Alarifi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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