Review of carbon dioxide sequestration by basalt mineral carbonation

Excessive carbon dioxide emissions have become one of the main factors contributing to global warming, and developing effective carbon dioxide sequestration technologies has become an urgent need to address climate change. Basalt mineralization sequestration technology has shown great potential for the long‐term stable sequestration of CO 2 . This article reviews the current research status of CO 2 mineral sequestration in basalt, with a focus on analyzing the main factors affecting sequestration rates, including mineral composition, temperature, pH, porosity, and permeability. Additionally, it summarizes the methods for evaluating the sequestration potential of basalt. Studies have shown that the mineral composition of basalt can form stable carbonate minerals when reacting with CO 2 , effectively sequestering CO 2 with a high sequestration rate. In addition, temperature and pH conditions have a significant impact on the mineralization sequestration rate, and optimal reaction conditions can significantly improve reaction efficiency. Compared to traditional CO 2 sequestration methods, basalt mineral sequestration offers more long‐term, safe, and stable sequestration effects. Finally, this article summarizes future research directions for CO 2 sequestration in basalt, providing a theoretical foundation and technical support to promote technological advancements and applications in this field.