RISC-V vs. ARM vs. x86: The Future of Open Architectures

This study presents a comparison analysis of energy efficiency and performance of three most popular and dominant architectures: x86, ARM and RISC-V. Under the influence of rapidly growing trends towards energy efficiency and in conditions of Moore's Law slowdown, understanding differences between architectures becomes very important part for future technology development.Studies use Empirical testing methods with application of special tools for monitoring such as HWiNFO64, Apple Silicon Power Metrics and SiFive Freedom Studio on such systems as AMD Ryzen 9 7940HS (x86), Apple M2 Pro (ARM) and SiFive Freedom U740 (RISC-V). Results of studies show significant differences in energy consumption, thermal characteristics and performance per watt data.Data obtained during studies show that architecture RISC-v consumes energy at 2.9 times lower compared to architecture x86 and at 1.7 times lower than ARM despite this preserving energy efficiency at 96.7%. These results emphasize advancement in sphere of processor architectures and specialized workloads for future creation of semiconductors in era after Moore's Law.