Arrester Fault Recognition Model Based on Thermal Imaging Images Using VMamba

The intelligent fault detection of power plant equipment in industrial settings often grapples with challenges such as insufficient real-time performance and interference from complex backgrounds. To address these issues, this paper proposes an image recognition and classification model based on the VMamba architecture. At the core of our feature extraction module, we have improved and optimized the two-dimensional state space (SS2D) algorithm to replace the traditional convolution operation. Rooted in State-Space Models (SSMs), the SS2D module possesses a global receptive field by design, enabling it to effectively capture long-range dependencies and establish comprehensive contextual relationships between local and global features. Crucially, unlike the self-attention mechanism in Vision Transformers (ViT) that suffers from quadratic computational complexity, VMamba achieves this global modeling with linear complexity, significantly enhancing computational efficiency. Furthermore, we employ an enhanced PAN-FPN multi-scale feature fusion strategy integrated with the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention mechanism. This combination optimizes the spatial distribution of feature representations through channel-wise attention weighting, facilitating the effective integration of cross-level spatial features and the suppression of background noise. This study thus presents a solution for industrial equipment fault diagnosis that achieves a superior balance between high accuracy and low latency.