December 5, 2025MaterialsOpen Access

Role of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Factors in Determining the Porosity Formation in 3D Printing of Stainless Steel 316L: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Verification

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Porosity in stainless steel 316L was predicted accurately by the model, remaining within an error range of 10.5% to 24.78%.
The interaction between process parameters such as hatch spacing and layer thickness was analyzed for inductions of porosity types.
Through experimental measurements validated by micro-CT analysis, keyhole formation and lack of fusion porosity were distinguished effectively.
The findings imply improved guidance for optimizing 3D printing techniques to achieve defect-free samples.

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Implication

Analytical model identifies key process parameters impacting porosity in 3D printing of stainless steel 316L, suggesting improvements in laser techniques.

Cite This Study

Stwora et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/694022532d562116f28fc38c https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18245490

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Implication

Analytical model identifies key process parameters impacting porosity in 3D printing of stainless steel 316L, suggesting improvements in laser techniques.

Role of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Factors in Determining the Porosity Formation in 3D Printing of Stainless Steel 316L: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Verification

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Role of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Process Factors in Determining the Porosity Formation in 3D Printing of Stainless Steel 316L: Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Verification

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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