A comprehensive review on medicinal applications of iodine

Iodine, an essential trace element, plays a critical role in human health, primarily through its involvement in thyroid hormone synthesis, which regulates metabolism, growth, and neurological development. This research explores the multifaceted medicinal applications of iodine, ranging from its critical role in preventing iodine deficiency disorders, such as goiter and hypothyroidism, to its use in advanced medical therapies. Key areas of focus include radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism, the antimicrobial and antiseptic properties of iodine-based compounds like povidone-iodine, and its significance in pregnancy and fetal development. Emerging research highlights iodine’s potential in cancer treatment, dermatology, and reducing oxidative stress. Despite its broad therapeutic utility, challenges such as iodine toxicity and allergic reactions necessitate careful management. This study underscores the importance of balanced iodine intake, advances in iodine-based treatments, and global public health efforts to combat iodine deficiency for improved healthcare outcomes.