Proposed method improves resilience by 3.13% and reduces costs by 10.86% in distribution networks, suggesting better energy utilization.
To address the challenges of renewable energy curtailment under normal conditions and severe power outages under extreme scenarios, this paper proposes a hydrogen-integrated comprehensive energy system (H-IES) configuration method aimed at enhancing the resilience of distribution networks. The proposed method improves energy utilization efficiency while achieving a balance between economic performance and resilience. First, an operational model of the H-IES is established considering the operating characteristics of distribution networks under extreme conditions. On this basis, a Nash bargaining-based equilibrium model is developed, where economic performance and resilience act as game participants negotiating toward equilibrium. By applying the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the Nash equilibrium solution is obtained, realizing a Pareto-optimal trade-off between the two objectives. Finally, case studies demonstrate that the proposed configuration improves the resilience index by 3.13% and reduces total cost by 10.86% compared with mobile battery energy storage. Under the Nash bargaining framework, the equilibrium configuration increases renewable energy utilization and provides up to 21.6% higher resilience compared with an economy-only optimization scheme.
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You et al. (2025) studied this question.
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