Capacity Configuration of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Fuel Cell Vessel Based on Multi-Verse Optimizer–Variational Mode Decomposition Crossover Allocation Algorithm

The hybrid energy storage system (HESS) significantly improves the dynamic response and energy utilization efficiency of the propulsion system in fuel cell vessels while maintaining the stability of the power grid. To address the issue of inaccurate power allocation and unreasonable capacity configuration caused by modal aliasing during power decomposition, this article innovatively proposes a power distribution method for hybrid energy storage systems. First, the Multi-Verse Optimizer (MVO) is used to optimize Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) in order to address the issue of VMD being highly dependent on parameter selection. Then, power is decomposed twice to resolve the modal aliasing problem associated with single decomposition, achieving a more accurate power breakdown and providing a more stable power output. Finally, the decomposed powers are cross-allocated: low frequencies are assigned to lithium batteries that can provide long-term stable energy supply, while high frequencies are allocated to supercapacitors capable of delivering short-term efficient energy supply. The simulation results indicate that the MVO-CVMD method proposed in this paper effectively addresses the modal aliasing problem, enhances the accuracy of power decomposition, and reduces the cost of capacity configuration.