High-order Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin analysis of acoustic fields in ducts with axial temperature gradients and mean flow

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Analysis reveals improved accuracy of acoustic models in ducts, indicating significant impacts of temperature gradients and mean flow.

High-order WKB solutions improve accuracy across the frequency spectrum for duct acoustics, especially with temperature gradients.
The second-order differential equation incorporates effects of the Mach number and varying temperature fields.
Analysis of entropy waves is conducted within a robust thermodynamic framework to support findings.
The approach enhances understanding of thermoacoustic coupling under realistic thermal and flow conditions.

Chen et al. (2025) studied this question.

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