Theoretical review of aesthetic principles in architecture to enhance urban quality of life

Abstract Today, built environments play an increasingly prominent role in human life, with individuals spending over 90% of their time within residential and office structures. The evolving nature of occupations and extended working hours have rendered attention to architectural design quality essential for enhancing occupants’ physical and psychological health. Architectural aesthetics, by emphasising visual and sensory dimensions, can significantly improve the quality of life for urban residents. This study employs a theoretical review and an analysis of distinguished architects’ perspectives to identify and examine five key aesthetic components: lighting design, geometric proportions, spatial flow, material texture, and connection to nature. The findings demonstrate that the deliberate integration of these components can elevate user satisfaction, reduce stress, and foster psychological well-being. Finally, practical recommendations are proposed for the application of aesthetic principles in urban building design. Aesthetics is an ancient discipline, yet its universal nature demands extensive scholarly investigation. A review of architectural history reveals that aesthetics in architecture, much like water, assumes the shape of its container—its interpretation varies across cultures and scientific domains. Despite numerous gatherings and scholarly debates, architects and researchers have yet to establish unified criteria. Instead, they have come to recognise the vast and multifaceted nature of aesthetics, particularly within architecture. Today, reflection on architectural aesthetics is a vital concern for designers and architects, who strive to satisfy their intrinsic aesthetic sensibilities through creative expression—a pursuit that has historically led to the creation of timeless works. Nevertheless, it can be summarised that revisiting perspectives on aesthetics is essential for enhancing the quality of urban life. Such efforts may bring us closer to a more accurate understanding of architectural beauty.