Photodetector design with optimized gain improves imaging capabilities in photothermal heterodyne imaging applications.
A direct current–alternating current (DC–AC) separated photodiode detector has been developed and optimized for the signal characteristics of photothermal heterodyne imaging (PHI). The detector features a large photosensitive area (diameter = 5 mm), a flat frequency response, and a single-photodiode design. The gains of the DC and AC signal channels can be independently configured, for example, a gain of 103 for the DC signal and 105 for the AC signal. The cutoff frequency is set to 1.6 kHz, and the −3 dB bandwidth of transimpedance amplifier reaches about 5.8 MHz. This detector is easy to operate, highly resistant to external noise, and meets the imaging requirements of PHI experiments.
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Pan et al. (2025) studied this question.
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