Repair of critical bone defects with two bioceramics in rat calvaria

Background: Bioceramics exhibit sealing, biomineralization, and tissue neoformation induction properties, making them promising alternatives for tissue regeneration in bone defects. Objective: Evaluate the repair of critical bone defects in rat calvaria using MTA Repair HP and Biodentine compared to White MTA and a control group. Materials and Methods: Two defects measuring 5 mm in diameter and approximately 1.5 mm in depth were created in the calvaria of 20 rats, followed by the application of the studied materials. After sample collection, histological slides were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for the evaluation of inflammatory infiltration, vasodilation, and bone repair capacity. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), with variable comparisons conducted through Fisher’s exact test and the Kruskal–Wallis test, considering a significance level of 5% (P < 0.05). Results: Biodentine and MTA HP exhibited favorable biological properties over 30 days, promoting the neoformation of mineralized tissue. After this period, White MTA demonstrated lower inflammation levels compared to Biodentine and MTA HP. Conclusion: Both materials induced the neoformation of mineralized tissue in critical bone defects in the rat calvaria over the 30 day evaluation period.