An in vitro comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of three root canal sealers using sonic and ultrasonic activation

Context: Hermetic seal between gutta-percha and dentin is created by endodontic sealers. Sonic or ultrasonic activation (UA) of sealers may improve their penetration into tubules and strength, which could be evaluated by testing the bond at dentine-obturation interface. Aims: To compare and evaluate the effect of ultrasonic and sonic activation on push-out bond strength of three different endodontic sealers, namely AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Endosequence BC. Settings and Design: An experimental in vitro study design. Methodology: Ninety extracted human premolars were decoronated to 16 mm and instrumented with ProTaper Gold to size F3. Samples were grouped based on three sealers – AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and Endosequence BC Sealer and further subdivided by ultrasonic, sonic, and no activation of sealers followed by lateral compaction obturation. Filled roots were sliced into 2 mm discs from each third. A Universal Testing Machine was used to measure pushout bond strength (POBS). Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance/One-way ANNOVA; and post hoc Bonferroni test applied to bond strength values. Results: Ultrasonic and sonic activation enhanced bond strength, significantly in the AH Plus and MTA Fillapex groups, with the coronal third showing greatest improvements. AH Plus consistently demonstrated superior bond strength, followed by Endosequence BC, and finally MTA Fillapex. No significant change in bond strength of Endosequence BC post activation. Conclusions: Among the tested materials, AH Plus demonstrated the greatest bond strength, with UA notably enhancing coronal bonding, while activation showed minimal impact in the apical third across all sealers.