Landscape drivers of fauna biodiversity in urban green spaces: Review of empirical studies and a management framework

Urban green spaces are key sites for protecting and supporting biodiversity, providing new perspectives and solutions for ecological conservation and urban management. This study reviews empirical research on terrestrial fauna biodiversity in urban green spaces, with 121 studies included in this review. The content covers current research trends and the mechanisms of drivers for biodiversity. First, the research trend results show that the research areas are mainly concentrated in economically developed regions; the main species studied are birds and insects; the biodiversity response variables are mostly focused on species richness and diversity, and the exploration of community functional structure indicators is still insufficient; species monitoring mainly relies on non‐interventional methods, and long‐term monitoring and experimental research are scarce; research on landscape drivers primarily focuses on the independent effects of individual variables, with limited exploration of their synergies and interactions; the effect of drivers mainly focuses on positive and negative correlations, with little research on the applicability threshold of this relationship. Second, regarding landscape driving mechanisms, the drivers of fauna biodiversity in urban green spaces involve 23 landscape variables in four aspects; there are significant differences in the trends of sensitive landscape drivers across different animal groups and biodiversity indicators. This finding is valuable for more targeted conservation of specific target groups and biodiversity levels. Our research results emphasize the important role of urban green spaces in maintaining biodiversity, suggesting that through scientific and reasonable spatial layout and management, their ecological conservation and service functions can be largely exerted while meeting human usage.