Hematological profile in pregnant women having pregnancy-induced hypertension in their 2nd and 3rd trimester: A cross-sectional study

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) remains a major obstetric complication globally. Hematological changes in PIH reflect underlying pathophysiological alterations and can aid in clinical assessment. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the hematological profile in women with PIH during the second and third trimesters compared to normotensive pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 120 pregnant women (60 PIH cases and 60 controls) aged 18–40 years, attending Navodaya Medical College, Karnataka. Blood samples were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count, differential count, platelets, packed cell volume (PCV), and red cell indices using an automated hematology analyzer. Results: Hb and red blood cell indices were comparable between groups. PIH cases showed significantly reduced eosinophil counts (2.22±0.94% vs. 3.07±1.39%; P=0.001) and platelet counts (2.18±0.85 vs. 2.90±0.67 lakhs/cumm; P=0.001), and increased monocytes (2.45±1.10% vs. 1.78%±0.52; P=0.001) and PCV (36.89±7.91% vs. 30.86±3.36%; P=0.001). Neutrophils were elevated in PIH, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Hematological parameters such as thrombocytopenia, elevated PCV, and altered leukocyte counts provide valuable, cost-effective tools for early detection and monitoring of PIH. Their routine assessment can aid in clinical decision-making to reduce maternal-fetal risks.