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One of the key technologies in the field of solar energy is the flat plate solar collector, recognized for its extensive applications. It is effective in meeting residential needs for heating and water, as well as the needs of various industrial processes. There are innovative solutions, such as the use of coatings and nanofluids, to enhance the efficiency of flat plate solar collectors. However, as advanced solutions arise, manufacturing and operational expenses, space availability, and material degradation continue to hinder their adoption. This study focuses on future research to enhance the thermal performance of flat plate solar collectors while addressing the challenges facing the global shift towards clean and sustainable energies
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Saad et al. (2025) studied this question.
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