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We discuss the current understanding of the nature and features of the ball lightning. Existing models for the formation and function of luminous spherical objects in the atmosphere are observed. The core features of the author's kvataron model are presented in detail. According to this model, the ball lightning is interpreted as a Coulomb crystal composed of charged clusters from a "hidden" phase — referred to as kvatarons. The model posits that the structural integrity and stability of ball lightning are maintained primarily by its internal crystalline lattice and surface energy. Crucially, the energy stored within the ball lightning, which is irradiated, is neither replenished from an external source nor is it derived from chemical energy.
А. М. Асхабов (Sun,) studied this question.