Water balance assessment and storage optimization for agricultural sustainability: A case study of Mahasarakham University Farm, Thailand

This study evaluates the water balance and storage efficiency of Mahasarakham University’s agricultural farm in Northeast Thailand, focusing on seven on-site water storage ponds. The analysis integrates rainfall, evaporation, seepage, and crop water demand data to assess water availability and usage. Results indicate an annual inflow of approximately 369,349 m3, with losses from evaporation and seepage totalling 195,968 m3. Water consumption was estimated at 74,708 m3 for crops and 1,760 m3 for livestock. Although the total supply meets overall demand, seasonal shortages occur in individual ponds, especially during the dry season, suggesting the need for water redistribution. To address this, six strategies are recommended: canal excavation, diversion structures, sediment control, embankment stabilization, shade planting, and weed removal. These findings provide practical guidance for improving local water management and enhancing climate resilience in agricultural systems.