This paper develops the second universality class of the CPD framework: systems in which packing,compression, or constraint pressure (P) dominates the effective evolution. P-dominated systemsoccur when free geometric capacity (C) collapses and local update rules (Q) operate under tightcrowding. The goal of this paper is conceptual clarity: to show how a wide variety of physical,computational, and informational systems behave similarly once packing effects control trajectories.
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Pasternak Andrew (2025) studied this question.
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