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November 28, 2025Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Changes in spectrum of respiratory pathogens infections among hospitalized patients post COVID-19 pandemic in Jinan, Shandong Province

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Authors

LLLianhe LiAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchYHYunlei HeAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchXCXuelei CaoShandong Lianxing Energy Group (China)

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Implication

Surveillance study reveals marked increases in diverse respiratory infections among hospitalized patients following COVID-19 reopening, highlighting shifting seasonal patterns.

Key Points

  • To evaluate changes in the spectrum and positive rates of common respiratory pathogens among hospitalized patients before and after the relaxation of COVID-19 control policies.
  • Screened 7,861 hospitalized patients at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in China between March 2022 and February 2024.
  • Identified 13 respiratory pathogens using multiplex RT-PCR coupled with capillary electrophoresis.
  • Compared epidemiological patterns and seasonal variations across age groups between the COVID-19 containment period and the post-pandemic period.
  • Total respiratory pathogen detection increased from 30.36% (640/2,107) during pandemic restrictions to 65.79% (3,786/5,754) post-pandemic, with marked increases in Flu-A, Flu-B, PIV, RSV, and HCOV.
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae emerged in May 2023, peaked in October 2023, and was the primary pathogen detected in children aged 4 to 13 years.
  • RSV positivity rose across almost all age cohorts, whereas rhinovirus and bocavirus detection rates showed no significant differences between the two periods.

Cite This Study

Li et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69402e042d562116f29046cchttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29616-9
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