Exploring End-of-Life Perspectives in Structurally Vulnerable Populations: A Qualitative Focus Group Study

Background Palliative care is a key component of the healthcare system, yet structurally vulnerable populations face significant barriers to accessing it and its support in care planning. This study explored beliefs, needs, and concerns related to palliative care and advance care planning among these populations. Methods Two semi-structured focus groups were conducted in major cities in the province of Quebec, Canada, in May and August of 2022. Participants had to be at least 18 years old and be able to speak and understand French. They also had to attend or use the services of a partnered community organization serving the target population. Data was analyzed according to the thematic content analysis approach. Results Fifteen (15) persons participated: all were Caucasian, and most were women, born before 1960, single, and retired. Misconceptions and a lack of awareness of the various palliative care options were generally observed among participants. Experience with caring for a dying person, access to a family physician, and access to a legal professional were identified as elements promoting awareness of palliative care. Participants raised an urgent need for more accessible information about palliative care and advance care planning, and for more access to care. Conclusions A good understanding of palliative care options helps individuals and families make informed decisions and be better prepared for the end of life. Structurally vulnerable people urgently need accessible information to support this preparation. This study supports the development of equity-focused policies and tailored interventions to improve access and planning for this population.