Engineering Potential of Self-Healing Bioconcrete Incorporating Bacillus subtilis for Crack Repair

This paper presents an advanced characterization of self-healing bioconcrete enhanced with Bacillus subtilis, with the objective of evaluating its mechanical performance, self-healing capacity, underlying biological mechanisms, and economic viability. A systematic documentary review was conducted, synthesizing quantitative data from peer-reviewed studies, academic theses, and practical implementation reports. The findings reveal significant improvements in compressive strength and crack-sealing performance. Concentrations of up to 109 cells/ml have demonstrated the ability to heal cracks of 1 mm within 140 days, with some studies reporting healing of wider cracks under specific conditions. Despite its high initial cost—three to four times greater than conventional concrete—bioconcrete offers long-term benefits in durability and maintenance reduction. The study highlights the importance of life cycle assessments (LCA) and cost-benefit analyses for its optimal application in infrastructure. This study serves as a reference for future experimental research and sustainable implementation in infrastructure projects.