Numerical analysis of cold storage behavior with nano-powders during solidification

This research explores the simulation of dynamic processes in cold energy storage, emphasizing methods to enhance system efficiency. Efficiency improvements are achieved by introducing alumina nanoparticles into pure water (H2O), with nanoparticle concentration (ϕ) and diameter (dp) analyzed as critical parameters. Adaptive mesh generation is utilized to accurately track freezing dynamics, allowing real-time adjustments to the advancing ice front. The study examines an enclosure with fins, a common design in cold storage units. Due to the nature of the freezing process, the liquid phase velocity is considered negligible, focusing the analysis on the energy equation with transient source terms. Numerical code validation, performed by comparing results with existing studies, demonstrates strong consistency. The results indicate significant advancements in cold storage rates, achieving a 36.37 % improvement at higher nanoparticle concentrations (ϕ). Additionally, the impact of nanoparticle diameter (dp) on required time is examined, revealing a nuanced relationship: an initial decrease of 15.85 % is observed with larger particles, followed by a subsequent increase of 38.96 %.