We prove that every n -vertex directed graph G with the minimum outdegree δ + ( G ) = d contains a subgraph H satisfying min δ + ( H ) , δ - ( H ) ≥ d ( d + 1 ) 2 n . We also show that if d = o ( n ) then this bound is asymptotically best possible.
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Grzesik et al. (2025) studied this question.
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