Experimental and Simulation Analysis of IEQ and Energy Demand in an Office Building in Northern Greece

The present study aims to assess both the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and the energy demand of an office building in Kozani, Western Macedonia, Greece. Thermal comfort was evaluated by analysing questionnaire responses and by applying both the Fanger and adaptive models, while CO2 concentration served as an index of indoor air quality (IAQ). Illuminance (lux) readings and acoustic measurements were also collected to assess the lighting and acoustic conditions, respectively. The IEQ assessment indicates that the Fanger model has limited applicability in naturally ventilated or mixed-mode spaces; CO2 concentrations fluctuated at low levels due to natural ventilation; and the acoustic and lighting indicators were within acceptable limits. A simulation study was conducted to assess the building’s energy consumption under different cooling and ventilation scenarios, as well as the impact of climate zone on cooling loads. The analysis shows that natural ventilation achieves greater reductions in cooling loads in climates with lower outdoor temperatures, and that the ventilation period is also critical for energy savings. Overall, the proposed approach combines experimental and computational tools and can be further developed into an integrated methodology to ensure occupant comfort and health at the lowest possible energy cost.