Theoretical and experimental constraints on Z₂ₙ multi-component dark matter models

A complete assessment of any dark matter model requires confronting its low-energy phenomenology with its high-scale theoretical viability. We undertake such a dual analysis for a class of two-component scalar dark matter models stabilized by Z₂ₙ Z 2 n symmetries, specifically the Z₄ Z 4 , Z₆(23) Z 6 ( 23 ) , and Z₆(13) Z 6 ( 13 ) frameworks. Each model is tested against the latest observational data, including the Planck relic abundance and stringent direct detection limits from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment. Simultaneously, we evaluate their theoretical integrity up to the GUT and Planck scales by enforcing vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity with one-loop Renormalization Group Equations. This combined approach reveals a rich and varied landscape of possibilities. We demonstrate that the Z₄ Z 4 model offers a broadly viable parameter space sustained by efficient semi-annihilation. In stark contrast, the Z₆(13) Z 6 ( 13 ) scenario is shown to be highly fine-tuned, with solutions confined to the Higgs resonance. Our most significant finding concerns the Z₆(23) Z 6 ( 23 ) model: we show that an apparent conflict between experimental data and high-scale consistency is resolved when the model is viewed as an effective field theory, yielding a concrete prediction for new physics at or below the 10⁶ 10 6 GeV scale. This work provides a definitive guide to the viability of these Z₂ₙ Z 2 n scenarios and serves as a compelling demonstration of how high-energy consistency checks can yield crucial insights into the nature of dark matter.