This is an edited excerpt of an earlier published text: Nicolae Gheorghe. 2006. Roma People: From Enslaved People to Citizens. Bucharest: Amare Rromentza. Translated from Romanian to English by Noémi Fazakas. An essay on the beginnings of civic discourse regarding Romani people in Romanian Principalities and on the significance of abolishing Romani enslavement in the international context of the “European integration” of Romanian Principalities in the mid-nineteenth century.
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