Spatial Analysis of Gaps in the Availability of Public Spaces for Physical Activity and Their Relationship with Social Marginalization in Urban Areas of Mexico

Although access to quality public spaces encourages physical activity (PA), their unequal distribution can exacerbate social inequalities. This study examined the relationship between the availability of spaces for PA and social marginalization in urban Basic Geostatistical Areas (Spanish acronym AGEB) in Mexico, using national databases on urban facilities and demographics. AGEB calculated space densities for PA, and the bivariate Moran’s I and LISA methodology were followed to identify global and local patterns. A weak negative spatial correlation was detected (I = −0.006) at the national level, with clusters of AGEBs with low marginalization and low density of spaces for PA. Contrasts were observed among the three most populous metropolitan areas: Mexico City and Guadalajara showed significant positive correlations, while Monterrey exhibited a different pattern. The urban furniture earmarked for PA is insufficient and its distribution reproduces socio-spatial inequalities. The dynamics differ across metropolises, underscoring the need for localized policies that will prioritize the provision of public spaces in marginalized communities.