City Logistics 4.0: a reconceptualization of the domain through a systematic literature review and an agenda for future research

This study explores the evolution of City Logistics 4.0 (CL4.0) by systematically reviewing the literature to provide a structured framework integrating management practices with technology and sustainability perspectives. Using the PRISMA methodology, a scientometric analysis of 899 Scopus-indexed papers reveals key research trends, authorship networks, and thematic developments. The findings highlight three core disciplinary perspectives—logistics, technology, and sustainability—offering a unified definition of CL4.0 and outlining future research directions. Practical implications equip policymakers and logistics professionals with insights for implementing innovative technologies and sustainable practices, paving the way for City Logistics 5.0.