Fumigant‐mediated suppression of Xanthomonas in mango replant soils: linking mango bacterial angular spot disease to rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiome restructuring

BACKGROUND Mango bacterial angular spot disease, caused by a bacterial pathogen, increasingly threatens mango production and has become a significant bottleneck to the sustainable development of the mango industry. The pathogen can spread through air and soil, but the impact of these transmission routes on the microbial community structures in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere remains unclear. Understanding how this disease alters microbial dynamics is crucial for developing effective management strategies. RESULTS The disease significantly disrupted both rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial communities, with a decrease in diversity and a reduction in beneficial microbes. Fumigation effectively reduced the abundance of the mango bacterial angular spot pathogen, with ethylicin showing the strongest effect. In addition, fumigation enhanced the competitive advantage of beneficial microbes, with the relative abundance of Bacillus and Lecanicillium rising by more than 60%. Fumigation reshaped the microbial communities, with fungal communities in both the rhizosphere and phyllosphere returning to a healthier state and bacterial communities undergoing dynamic adjustments. In particular, Proteobacteria dominated the phyllosphere, while Firmicutes exhibited increased relative abundance in the soil. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into the microbial interactions associated with mango bacterial angular spot disease and highlights the role of soil fumigation in reshaping plant‐associated microbiomes. The findings support the potential of fumigants in managing mango bacterial angular spot disease through microbial community regulation and offer a foundation for future research into microbial‐based disease control strategies.