Is Work Beneficial to Health? Effect of Long Working Hours on Cardiovascular Health Mediated Through Physical Activity and Mental Health

Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of long working hours on cardiovascular health and to explore the mediating roles of physical activity and mental health. Methods Data from 3865 adults were analyzed using a parallel mediation model, with data obtained from HINTS 5 Cycle 4 after removing missing values. Results Long working hours were positively associated with cardiovascular health ( bp = 0.046***). It also significantly improved physical activity ( bp = 0.022*) and mental health ( bp = 0.068***), both of which mediated the relationship between long working hours and cardiovascular health. Conclusions Contrary to common perceptions, long working hours are associated with improved cardiovascular health, as they enhance physical activity and mental well-being, highlighting the potential health benefits and the importance of workplace interventions.