Heart failure is a complex condition caused by various etiologies that reduce cardiac output or increase cardiac pressures. It is classified by left ventricular ejection fraction, a key prognostic factor. New therapies, devices, and better management of secondary causes have improved outcomes. A recently identified group—those with heart failure and improved ejection fraction—shows better prognosis. This review explores its definition, causes, clinical significance, and management strategies.
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Aa et al. (2025) studied this question.
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