Modulating tumor interstitial fluid pressure using ultrasound and microbubble therapy: a preclinical study for enhanced drug delivery in cancer treatment

USMB therapy reduces IFP in solid tumors. At 2 MPa, IFP reduction occurs with minimal perfusion change, potentially favoring drug delivery. In contrast, higher pressures (3-5 MPa) also lower IFP but markedly decrease perfusion through vascular disruption, which may hinder drug transport. These findings highlight the need to adjust ultrasound parameters based on regional IFP distribution and to balance IFP reduction with perfusion preservation to optimize treatment outcomes.