Revision of Anaphes Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of the Palearctic region, with emphasis on Europe

A revision and photo album of Anaphes Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) of Europe is presented, based mainly on slide mounted specimens and including a few species described from elsewhere in the Palaearctic region. Ninety-three extant morphospecies of Anaphes are recognized from the Palaearctic region, of which 27 are keyed, described, imaged and compared with other recognized species, but are numbered rather than being formally named because they are based on singleton, slide mounted females without host data. Within the two recognized subgenera, A. (Anaphes) and A. (Patasson Walker, 1846), 37 putative species are recognized in A. (Anaphes) and 56 in A. (Patasson). Twenty species are formally described as new, 10 each in the two subgenera. Newly described in A. (Anaphes) are A. (A.) aliflavipes Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) ametastegophaga Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) creber Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) debauchei Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) gianticlava Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) hirsutus Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) lunnai Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) tipuliphaga Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (A.) tobiasi Thuróczy sp. nov., and A. (A.) vidali Thuróczy sp. nov. Newly described in A. (Patasson) are A. (P.) agabiphaga Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) bancsoi Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) bolgi Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) crucigeri Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) gracilicornis Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) hungaricus Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) klariae Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) liliocerii Thuróczy sp. nov., A. (P.) lovervali Thuróczy sp. nov., and A. (P.) lygiphaga Thuróczy sp. nov. The new name Anaphes (A.) soykai Thuróczy nom. nov. is given to replace A. (A) angustipennis Soyka, 1949, a secondary homonym of A. (A.) angustipennis (Debauche, 1948). Twenty new synonyms are proposed, including the following 15 names under A. (Patasson) luna (Girault, 1914): A. additus (Soyka, 1949), A. ater (Soyka, 1949), A. balteatus (Soyka, 1949), A. campestris (Soyka, 1949), A. communis (Soyka, 1949), A. distinctus (Soyka, 1949), A. dubius (Soyka, 1949), A. duplicatus (Soyka, 1949), A. eulongicornis Özdikmen, 2011, A. flavipennis (Soyka, 1949), A. gabitzi (Soyka, 1949), A. longicornis (Soyka, 1949), A. malkvitzi (Soyka, 1949), A. pallidicornis (Soyka, 1949), and A. sibbei (Soyka, 1954) syn. nov. The other new synonyms are Anaphes arenbergi Debauche, 1948 under A. (Anaphes) crassipennis Soyka, 1946 syn. nov., A. crassipilis (Soyka, 1949) under A. (Patasson) crassicornis Walker, 1846 syn. nov., A. stygius Debauche, 1948 under A. (Anaphes) flavipes (Foerster, 1841) syn. nov., and A. varicolor (Soyka, 1949) under A. (Anaphes) medius Soyka, 1946 syn. nov.. Eight species are removed from synonymy: A. (Anaphes) acutipennis (Soyka, 1949) stat. rev. from A. (A.) crassipennis (Soyka, 1946), A. (Patasson) consimilis (Soyka, 1949) stat. rev. from A. (P.) longicornis Walker, 1946, A. (Patasson) medioacutus (Soyka, 1954) stat. rev. from A. (P.) longicornis Walker, 1946, A. (Anaphes) neospecialis (Soyka, 1955) stat. rev. from A. (A.) flavipes (Foerster, 1841), A. (Patasson) obscurus (Soyka, 1949) stat. rev. from A. (P.) lineipennis (Soyka, 1949), A. (Patasson) rectipennis (Soyka, 1949) stat. rev. from A. (P.) parallelipennis (Soyka, 1949), A. (Patasson) semimedius (Soyka, 1949) stat. rev. from A. (P.) lineipennis (Soyka, 1949), and A. (Anaphes) sulphuripes (Soyka, 1949) stat. rev. from A. (A.) crassipennis (Soyka, 1946). Females of all the putative species are keyed, described and illustrated, but this is done for males of only 26 of the formally named species because males are unknown for the others. Supplemental data are provided in three linked folders available on the internet at https://anaphes.iask.hu. The three folders are: ANAPHES IMAGE ARCHIV with 22,651 photos, including most of the known slide-mounted specimens from European museums and links to 74 photos of other, published European and East Palaearctic specimens, ACCESS DATABASE with 44,900 data for 5,863 specimens, and SLIDE PHOTO ARCHIVE with 4993 photos of specimens on slides with data in situ that were examined and included in this study.