Current Status and Future Prospects of Biomass Power Generation

The global energy crisis and the intensifying pressure of climate change have driven the accelerated development of renewable energy. Biomass energy, due to its unique carbon cycle characteristics and the value of waste resource utilization, is regarded as an important path to achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This article systematically analyzes the core technology types, industrial status quo, and future development directions of biomass power generation. Starting from the three mainstream technical paths of direct combustion, gasification, and anaerobic fermentation, a comparative assessment was conducted on the adaptability of different raw materials, cost per kilowatt-hour, and carbon reduction potential, revealing the application scenarios and economic performance differences of each technology. Based on typical cases from regions such as the European Union, North America, and Japan, this paper sorts out the global diversified development models and policy mechanisms, and points out the bottlenecks existing in China's industries in terms of raw material purchase and storage systems, the continuous stability of technical equipment, and the implementation of subsidy policies. This paper proposes to achieve efficiency improvement and negative carbonization breakthroughs through technologies such as supercritical CO cycles, gene-edited methanogens, plasma gasification, and BECCS, explore a multi-product synergy model of "power generation + heating/organic fertilizer/bio-based materials", and construct a policy system that links green certificates, carbon sinks, and financial tools. Biomass power generation will play a strategic supporting role in optimizing the energy structure, promoting rural revitalization, and transforming the green economy.